Art And Architecture
Art And Architecture
Art And Architecture
Pre-Mauryan Art
The remain of the Indus civilization reveal the practical natural of the people then- they believed that the value of a thing depended on its usefulness rather than mere beauty. This approach was reflected in their well-planned towns with elaborate drainage systems.
Mauryan Art
Palaces
Megasthenes has given detailed description of the palace of Chandragupta Maury. It was built of intricately carved wood.
Pillars And Capitals
Towering pillars or columns were erected with beautiful capitals crowning them. (capitals are pieces of sculpture on top of pillars.) Each pillar was made of a single piece of sandstone and highly polished. The capitals were usually sculptures of animals like horses, bulls or loins.
Cave Temples
Cave temples, or Chaityas, were hewn out of rock for prayer and to house Buddhist monks. A number of Chaityas were created in western and southern India. The cave at Karle (near Pune) is the finest of all. Many Chaityas have ornate pillars and supas inside them. Sometime a cave monastery proved too small to house all the monks. And so, a complex of caves grew over centuries. The complex of caves at Ajanta, near Aurangabad, is the best example of this type of architecture.
Sculpture
Pillars were made of sandstone and were so highly polished that they shine. These pillars had life-like figures of animals carved on their capitals. The loin capital at Sarnath is India’s national emblem today. Tow school of sculpture evolved in northern India-the Gandhara school of art and the Mathura school of art. The Gandhara Buddhas had Greek features, and were made of grey sandstone. The Mathura school of art preferred to use red sandstone and the statues of Buddha were smaller with Indian features.
Music And Dance
Indian music, is believed to have its origin in the chanting of the hymns of the Sama Veda. In the 1st century BCE, a textbook on dance, drama and music was compiled. This is attributed to Bharata and is called the Bharatanatyashastra. Musical instruments like the veena, flute and drum were used in ancient India.
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